Formatting a disk prepares the surface of the drive to accept and store data. Computers are often formatted before they are sold, donated, or returned to an employer.
Likewise, computers with viruses or errors can be formatted and returned to their "out of the box" settings.

How to Format a Computer with Windows XP

1. To format a computer with Windows XP or 2000, insert Windows CD and restart your computer.

2. Your computer should automatically boot from the CD to the Windows Setup Main Menu.

3. At the Welcome to Setup page, press ENTER.

4. Press F8 to accept the Windows XP Licensing Agreement.

5. If an existing Windows XP installation is detected, you are prompted to repair it. To bypass the repair, press ESC.

6. Use the ARROW keys to select the partition or the unpartitioned space where you want to create a new partition. Press D to delete an existing partition, or press C to create a new partition.

7. Type the size in megabytes (MB) that you want to use for the new partition, and then press ENTER, or just press ENTER to create the partition with the maximum size.

8. Select the format option that you want to use for the partition (Recommended: NTFS), and then press ENTER.

9. After the Windows Setup program formats the partition, follow the instructions that appear on the screen to continue installing Windows.


How to Reinstall Windows XP

1. To reinstall Windows XP or 2000, imply insert Windows CD and restart your computer.

2. If your hard drive has not been formatted, Windows XP will walk you through the formatting process described above

3. Your computer will automatically boot from the CD and begin the installation process

There are many types of operating systems. The most common is the Microsoft suite of operating systems. They include from most recent to the oldest:

* Windows XP Professional Edition - A version used by many businesses on workstations. It has the ability to become a member of a corporate domain.
* Windows XP Home Edition - A lower cost version of Windows XP which is for home use only and should not be used at a business.
* Windows 2000 - A better version of the Windows NT operating system which works well both at home and as a workstation at a business. It includes technologies which allow hardware to be automatically detected and other enhancements over Windows NT.
* Windows ME - A upgraded version from windows 98 but it has been historically plagued with programming errors which may be frustrating for home users.
* Windows 98 - This was produced in two main versions. The first Windows 98 version was plagued with programming errors but the Windows 98 Second Edition which came out later was much better with many errors resolved.
* Windows NT - A version of Windows made specifically for businesses offering better control over workstation capabilities to help network administrators.
* Windows 95 - The first version of Windows after the older Windows 3.x versions offering a better interface and better library functions for programs.

Not by Microsoft

* Unix - A system that has been around for many years and it is very stable. It is primary used to be a server rather than a workstation and should not be used by anyone who does not understand the system. It can be difficult to learn. Unix must normally run an a computer made by the same company that produces the software.
* Linux - Linux is similar to Unix in operation but it is free. It also should not be used by anyone who does not understand the system and can be difficult to learn.
* Apple MacIntosh - Most recent versions are based on Unix but it has a good graphical interface so it is both stable (does not crash often or have as many software problems as other systems may have) and easy to learn. One drawback to this system is that it can only be run on Apple produced hardware.

What is an Operating System

The operating system is the core software component of your computer. It performs many functions and is, in very basic terms, an interface between your computer and the outside world. In the section about hardware, a computer is described as consisting of several component parts including your monitor, keyboard, mouse, and other parts. The operating system provides an interface to these parts using what is referred to as "drivers". This is why sometimes when you install a new printer or other piece of hardware, your system will ask you to install more software called a driver.

A driver is a specially written program which understands the operation of the device it interfaces to, such as a printer, video card, sound card or CD ROM drive. It translates commands from the operating system or user into commands understood by the the component computer part it interfaces with. It also translates responses from the component computer part back to responses that can be understood by the operating system, application program, or user.

Why when we open pdf file it work so slowly?
Ok, to solve this problem,

>>>open my computer
>>>C:
>>>program files
>>>adobe
>>>acrobat
>>>reader
>>>cut "plug_ins" files to "Optional" files
>>>then try open your pdf files...

F1
• Almost always used as the help key, almost every program will open the help screen when this key is pressed.
• Windows Key + F1 would open the Microsoft Windows help and support center.
• Open the Task Pane.
F2
• In Windows commonly used to rename a highlighted icon or file.
• Alt + Ctrl + F2 opens a new document in Microsoft Word.
• Ctrl + F2 displays the print preview window in Microsoft Word.
F3
• Often opens a search feature for many programs including Microsoft Windows.
• Shift + F3 will change the text in Microsoft Word from upper to lower case or a capital letter at the beginning of every word.
F4
• Open find window.
• Repeat the last action performed (Word 2000+)
• Alt + F4 will close the program currently active in Microsoft Windows.
• Ctrl + F4 will close the open window within the current active window in Microsoft Windows.
F5
• In all modern Internet browsers pressing F5 will refresh or reload the page or document window.
• Open the find, replace, and go to window in Microsoft Word.
• Starts a slideshow in PowerPoint.
F6
• Move the cursor to the Address bar in Internet Explorer and Mozilla Firefox.
• Ctrl + Shift + F6 opens to another open Microsoft Word document.
F7
• Commonly used to spell check and grammar check a document in Microsoft programs such as Microsoft Word, Outlook, etc.
• Shift + F7 runs a Thesaurus check on the word highlighted.
• Turns on Caret browsing in Mozilla Firefox.
F8
• Function key used to enter the Windows startup menu, commonly use to get into Windows Safe Mode.
F9
• Opens the Measurements toolbar in Quark 5.0.
F10
• In Microsoft Windows activates the menu bar of an open application.
• Shift + F10 is the same as right-clicking on a highlighted icon, file, or Internet link.
F11
• Full-screen mode in all modern Internet browsers.
F12
• Open the Save as window in Microsoft Word.
• Shift + F12 save the Microsoft Word document.
• Ctrl + Shift + F12 print a document in Microsoft Word.

This section is show how to remove virus in your computer. Removing viruses can be risky to your operating system and may cause you to need to format your computer. If you do not feel comfortable with the instructions in this section, you should get a computer professional to do the job.

1. Be sure you have good backups of your data along with an emergency boot disk for your system. ( C: D: e.g. )
2. Determine what viruses you have on your system.
3. Install a virus scanning program if you do not have one already installed. Use the product of your choice. It is wise to read product reviews.
4. Be sure your virus definitions are up to date. Connect to the internet and download the latest virus definitions from the company that created your anti-virus software.
5. Configure your virus scanner not to remove any viruses but only detect them. You do not want to remove the virus immediately since some viruses may infect files that your system requires to run. If these files cannot be cleaned by the anti-virus program, they may be deleted or quarantined. If this happens you may not be able to run your system again.
6. Scan for viruses but do not remove them. Note: Some viruses will stop your virus scanner from operating. If this is the case you will probably need the help of a computer professional. If you have a virus that stops your virus scanner then you will need to share the drive across a network and scan it from another computer or remove your hard drive and place it into another computer as a second hard drive, then scan your hard drive.
7. Learn about the viruses you have and how to remove them. - Go to the web site of the organization that created your anti-virus software. The Symantec security response site is a good site to find information about specific viruses and they provide virus removal tools.
8. Remove the viruses.
9. Many viruses have a removal tool which can be used to remove the virus. If there is a removal tool, download it and use it to remove the virus.
10. If there is no removal tool, you will need to follow the manual removal instructions. You may need to manually delete virus files and edit your system registry. The removal instructions will tell you how to do this, but some people may not feel comfortable doing this without the help of a computer professional.
11. If the manual instructions indicate that you should let your virus scanner remove the virus, then remove all viruses that you can with virus removal tools then run the virus scanner with it configured to remove all viruses.
12. Your computer is safe when a virus is deleting.

What are you doing if your computer password lost?
You lost your root password, and need to get into your root Account?
This is something-serious well we'll try to work something out.
You need to have physical access to the Server or computer.
What you will need to do, is a re-boot.

Ok, Now how do you do it.

1: First think up a new password.

2: Reboot the machine.

3: At lilo prompt type Linux 1 This will bring up a single user system.
The prompt will be something like: #

4: At the prompt after you are in type:
passwd root

5: Enter your new password at the prompts.

6: Reboot like normal This reboot will return the machine back to normal run levels.

or if you don't want to reboot, type one of the following:

init 3 (for console login, which is the default)
init 5 (for XDM login)

How to Speed Up Your Computer
( free up disk space )

Use Disk Cleanup to....

1- Remove temporary Internet files.

2- Remove downloaded program files (such as Microsoft ActiveX controls and Java applets).

3- Empty the Recycle Bin.

4- Remove Windows temporary files.

5- Remove optional Windows components that you don't use.

6- Remove installed programs that you no longer use.

Typically, temporary Internet files take the most amount of space because the browser caches each page you visit for faster access later.

To use Disk Cleanup

1. Click Start, point to All Programs, point to Accessories, point to System Tools, and then click Disk Cleanup. If several drives are available, you might be prompted to specify which drive you want to clean.
Disk Cleanup calculates the amount of space you will be able to free.

2. In the Disk Cleanup for dialog box, scroll through the content of the Files to delete list. (If you have multiple hard drives you will have to select which one to scan.)
Choose the files that you want to delete.


3. Clear the check boxes for files that you don't want to delete, and then click OK.

4. When prompted to confirm that you want to delete the specified files, click OK.
Be sure to do this if you want to speed up your computer speed…